海角社区

What makes the catastrophe all the more head-smacking is Fort McMurray鈥檚 raison d鈥檈tre: It is home to a number of oil mining and extraction operations, and has played a significant role in the development of Canada鈥檚 crude oil industry.听

Deese, a research professor of political science who studies the international and comparative politics of energy and climate policies, read 鈥淔ire Weather鈥� along with an interdisciplinary book discussion group organized by the Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society. The book, written by veteran journalist John Vaillant, was a finalist for a range of prizes, including the Pulitzer and the National Book Award.听

The Schiller Institute made it their book club pick not just because it was well-reported and a great read鈥攃hosen as a book of the year by The New York Times, The Washington Post, The New Yorker, TIME, NPR, and others. 鈥淭he topic is so aligned with Schiller's focus areas,鈥� says Gregory Adelsberger, Schiller鈥檚 Director of Finance and Operations. He and Kaley McCarty, Schiller鈥檚 Assistant Director of Programs, were looking for a good book that would help them bring together a diverse interdisciplinary group. "It was really a win-win-win,鈥� says McCarty. 鈥淲e were co-sponsoring John Vaillant's talk through the Lowell Humanities series and wanted to find ways to broaden engagement with his visit. Having had success with book clubs in the past, we thought a 'Fire Weather' book club would be a great way to bring people from different roles and perspectives across campus together around his work to connect, while also discussing topics that are so central to our work."

About twenty people across departments鈥攁nd ranging from full professors like Deese to undergraduates like Magali de la Sancha, an assistant for Schiller鈥攑articipated in the discussion group, which met twice this winter. 鈥淲hat I was struck with throughout the book was that people knew [for decades prior to today] what might happen [due to climate change],鈥� said Naomi Bolotin, Associate Professor of the Practice of Computer Science, to start off the second meeting. 鈥淭he consequences were ignored.鈥� The extent to which humanity鈥攁nd perhaps America in particular鈥攈as been mired in denial about climate change alarmed many in the group, including McCarty. 鈥淰aillant does such a good job of representing the psychological limitations we have, as humans,鈥� she said.

Assistant Professor of Engineering Emma Brace commented on how her parents didn鈥檛 seem to entirely appreciate the danger they faced whenever there was a tornado warning in her hometown of Topeka, Kansas, saying they would send her down to the basement鈥攚hile standing on the porch to watch the tornado roll in. 鈥淚t's very human to look at natural disasters or climate change and have a difficult time understanding the scale, the impact, or that it could happen to us,鈥� says Brace, who aims to propel bioproducts to market with her research on biofuels and related products. 鈥淚 think there's a gap between research on risk perception and behavior, and actually getting people to change their behavior.鈥澨�

Nonetheless, the book left most if not all members of the group with a deep appreciation for (which is to say, terror of) so-called fire tornadoes鈥攃aused when the incredible heat coming off the flames (which burned at temperatures of 1470 - 1830 degrees Fahrenheit) turned the wind into whirling vortexes of destruction.听

Bolotin also mused about whether things would be different today if, in deciding the 2000 election, the Supreme Court had ruled for Al Gore. Deese remarked that prior to the 1980s, Republicans led the way on conservation efforts, and pushed for landmark environmental legislation, as Fire Weather points out. That changed under President Ronald Reagan. 鈥淛immy Carter put the solar on the White House roof and Reagan took it off,鈥� as Deese said. He also remarked that the current administration鈥檚 efforts to keep the fossil fuel industry afloat may not amount too much. 鈥淭rump is trying to pay coal companies [or enable them] to stay in business,鈥� he said. 鈥淏ut it鈥檚 not like that will save them.鈥澨�

But Assistant Professor of Law Professor Caroline Cox was less sanguine. In a seminar that she is teaching this semester on climate law, she was just telling her students about the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA). 鈥淧art of the theory in passing the IRA was that you spend money on things [like green energy and green infrastructure] and you rev up the market, you create these self-sustaining industries,鈥� she said.听 But the White House has gone after the IRA鈥攄ismantling parts of it and halting others through executive actions, funding freezes, and legislative hits. 鈥淭hat鈥檚 created a lot of backtracking,鈥� Cox said.

Similarly, Cox felt uneasy about how Vaillant ended his book鈥攐n a hopeful note. He mentioned that amid the destruction left behind by another massive fire that he described (the 2018 Carr Fire in Redding, California) there was a surprising sign of life: A trio of amaryllis flowers were pushing up through the ash when he visited three months later. While acknowledging that Vaillant probably felt obligated to conclude with something cheery, Cox said that we鈥檙e not living in cheering times. After all, as she noted, the Trump administration just repealed a crucial part of the Clean Air Act鈥攖he 2009 Endangerment Finding, which provides the legal basis for regulating greenhouse gases, due to their deleterious effect on health.听

Cox tells SchillerNow why that repeal worries her: 鈥淎lthough it is impossible to say with certainty what the Trump Administration's aim is, it seems likely that the rescission of the Endangerment Finding is a strategic step toward getting the Supreme Court to reverse its decision in Massachusetts v. EPA, which concluded that greenhouse gases are an 鈥榓ir pollutant鈥� and that EPA has the authority to regulate them.鈥� She adds, 鈥淚f that decision is reversed, it will be exceedingly difficult for future administrations to regulate emissions.鈥�

Many of the book club members attended the March 11 talk that Vaillant gave on campus鈥攁n event co-sponsored by the Schiller Institute, the Core Curriculum program, and the Environmental Studies department. Vailliant ended his talk like he ended his book鈥攚ith a mention of the amaryllis. As he said in person and on the page, the flowers symbolized a concept called 鈥渞evirescence,鈥� nature鈥檚 powerful ability to regenerate. de la Sancha, Schiller鈥檚 undergraduate assistant, who also runs Schiller鈥檚 student newsletter The Scoop, appreciated the upbeat note. 鈥淚t actually reminded me of the ending of [the animated film] WALL鈥慐, when the small plant growing in a boot becomes a symbol of hope and sparks the journey toward rebuilding life on Earth,鈥� she tells Schiller Now. 鈥淚t offers a counterweight to the sense of hopelessness that can surround conversations about climate change and disasters. It reminds me that even when human systems fail or feel overwhelming, the natural world still has its own resilience.鈥�

听